The NAFEMS Metallic Additive Manufacturing Focus Team, part of the Manufacturing Process Simulation Working Group, published their first example problem, ‘Predicting Buckling due to Thermal Distortion’ [1], in the 2024 October issue of Benchmark Magazine. In this second example, the focus is on the resulting distortion and residual stresses from the Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) process. The problem statement has been extracted from the research of J. Ding et al.

This article appeared in the January 2026 Issue of BENCHMARK.