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Understanding Solid Mechanics: Strength of Materials

Understanding Solid Mechanics: Strength of Materials

Five-Session Online Training Course | Tutors: Prof. Adib Becker & Dr. Gino Duffett

Calculating stresses is only part of the design problem. To design safe, efficient structures, you also need to understand how and why components fail, and how to design against failure.

This course is the third in the "Understanding Solid Mechanics" series, following on from Stress Analysis Approaches and Applied Stress Analysis. Having covered the fundamentals of stress and strain and their application to beams, shells, cylinders and shafts, this course looks at what happens when structures are loaded beyond the elastic limit and towards failure: yielding, fatigue, fracture, contact stresses and buckling.

You will learn about the solid mechanics theories that are widely used in engineering design, analysis and simulation to predict and prevent failure. The course may be taken as a stand-alone module. You don't need to have attended the previous courses, and you don't need in-depth knowledge of FEA or computational simulation. A working knowledge of engineering design and analysis is all you need to start out with.

Each session is a building block - over the five weeks, you will cover:

  1. Plasticity in Metals
  2. Fatigue
  3. Fracture Mechanics
  4. Contact Mechanics
  5. Buckling and Instability

The course covers these topics in a concise and practical manner. Unlike traditional university courses, this course avoids lengthy mathematical derivations and highlights many practical examples to illustrate the application of solid mechanics theories in modelling and analysing engineering structures. Where possible, exercises that can be done by hand are included so that attendees can test their knowledge.

Who Should Attend?

  • Engineers and designers wishing to understand the background to solid mechanics in order to improve their analysis and simulation capacity.
  • Engineers looking to refresh and improve their knowledge in solid mechanics.

The course is completely code independent.


Course Programme

Structures rarely fail in the way that idealised elastic theories predict. Metals yield and redistribute stress. Components subjected to repeated loading develop cracks well below their static strength, and existing cracks and defects can grow and propagate. Stresses concentrate where components meet and interact, and slender structures can lose stability long before the material itself fails. Each session of this course addresses one of these mechanisms and shows how it is assessed in engineering practice.

Session 1 - Plasticity in Metals

This session covers the properties of metals used in engineering design and applications, providing a firm understanding of plasticity and how it affects the analysis of structures operating over the elastic limit.

 

  • Yielding in tensile tests
  • Metallurgical changes in plasticity
  • Multiaxial yielding
  • Yield criteria used in engineering design
  • Post-yielding plasticity
  • Plasticity under cyclic loading
  • Plasticity in beams and thick cylinders
  • Residual stresses and springback
  • Plasticity around cracks
  • Examples
  • Session 2 - Fatigue

    This session covers many aspects of fatigue behaviour in engineering applications, providing a firm understanding of fatigue in engineering design and how to design against fatigue failure.

     

  • Cyclic loading
  • Fatigue S-N curves
  • Low cycle and high cycle fatigue
  • Fatigue design approaches
  • Effects of mean stress
  • Fatigue life prediction
  • Fatigue failure
  • Crack initiation and crack growth
  • Designing against fatigue
  • Examples
  • Session 3 - Fracture Mechanics

    This session covers the fundamental theory of fracture mechanics, providing a firm understanding of the underlying assumptions in fracture mechanics theory and how it is implemented in engineering applications.

     

  • Brittle and ductile fracture
  • Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics
  • Determination of stress intensity factors
  • Crack initiation
  • Crack propagation
  • Crack tip yielding
  • Fatigue cracks
  • Creep cracks
  • Examples
  • Session 4 - Contact Mechanics

    This session covers the fundamental theory of contact mechanics, providing a firm understanding of the underlying theory, its limitations, and its applications in engineering design.

     

  • Classification of contact problems
  • Frictional contact
  • Hertzian contact problems
  • Plasticity in contact problems
  • Contact of wedges and punches
  • Receding contact problems
  • Cyclic contact behaviour
  • Difficulties in analysing contact problems
  • Examples
  • Session 5 - Buckling and Instability

    This session provides a general analysis overview of buckling and instability for columns, panels and general components, including the simulation of stable and unstable post-buckling behaviour

     

  • Stability, instability, buckling, bifurcation
  • Local, global, elastic and plastic buckling
  • Column buckling
  • Euler critical load
  • Panel buckling
  • Eigenvalue analysis and buckling modes
  • Post-buckling behaviour
  • Examples

      •  

        P​SE Competencies Covered (click to expand)

         

        CodeCompetencyTechnical AreaSession
        BINkn1Define the term Slenderness Ratio.Buckling & Instability5 – Buckling
        BINkn3Define the Determinant of a matrix.Buckling & Instability5 – Buckling
        BINco1Explain the terms Stable Equilibrium, Neutral Equilibrium and Unstable Equilibrium.Buckling & Instability5 – Buckling
        BINco2Discuss the term Load Proportionality Factor and explain what a negative value indicates.Buckling & Instability5 – Buckling
        BINco3Explain why theoretical Buckling Loads (including those calculated using FEA) often vary significantly from test values.Buckling & Instability5 – Buckling
        BINco4Explain the term Local Buckling and indicate how this can normally be prevented.Buckling & Instability5 – Buckling
        BINco5Discuss the snap-through buckling of a shallow spherical shell subjected to a lateral load and explain why a linear buckling analysis is not appropriate.Buckling & Instability5 – Buckling
        BINco7Explain the term Static Equilibrium as used in structural design codes.Buckling & Instability5 – Buckling
        BINco8Explain why symmetry should be used with caution in buckling analyses.Buckling & Instability5 – Buckling
        BINco11Discuss typical failure modes for externally pressurised components.Buckling & Instability5 – Buckling
        BINco13Explain the meaning of Stable Buckling and provide examples.Buckling & Instability5 – Buckling
        BINco14Explain the meaning of Unstable Buckling and provide examples.Buckling & Instability5 – Buckling
        BINco18Explain when geometric non-linear analysis should be used in a buckling analysis.Buckling & Instability5 – Buckling
        BINco21Explain the role of temperature (high and low) in influencing buckling behaviour.Buckling & Instability5 – Buckling
        BINco23Discuss the characteristics of thin-walled structures that could influence buckling behaviour.Buckling & Instability5 – Buckling
        FAFMkn1Give an overview of the historical development of fracture mechanics.Flaw Assessment & Fracture Mechanics3 – Fracture
        FAFMkn2Summarise the scope of fracture mechanics for the different types of cracks and material situations.Flaw Assessment & Fracture Mechanics3 – Fracture
        FAFMkn3Define stress intensity factor and state the relationships between G and KI, KII and KIII for plane stress and plane strain crack tip conditions.Flaw Assessment & Fracture Mechanics3 – Fracture
        FAFMco2Show how the geometry of a general 3D crack profile may be sketched and explain what the conditions of plane strain and plane stress represent.Flaw Assessment & Fracture Mechanics3 – Fracture
        FAFMco4Describe the three modes of fracture with respect to a point on a general 3D crack profile, and discuss the angled crack problem in the 2D plane.Flaw Assessment & Fracture Mechanics3 – Fracture
        FAFMco5Explain the form and significance of the Westergaard crack tip equations and discuss their limitations and the nature of the singularities involved.Flaw Assessment & Fracture Mechanics3 – Fracture
        FAFMco7Explain why the stress intensity factor varies from its value in an infinite medium, to reflect the overall geometry of the cracked structure.Flaw Assessment & Fracture Mechanics3 – Fracture
        FAFMco8Describe a range of solutions to the more common geometrical configurations in both 2D and 3D, the latter having both straight, elliptical and circular crack profiles.Flaw Assessment & Fracture Mechanics3 – Fracture
        FAFMco19Discuss plane strain fracture toughness and explain the ASTM concept of validity.Flaw Assessment & Fracture Mechanics3 – Fracture
        FAFMco21Describe how cracks grow under fatigue conditions and the factors that affect this growth.Flaw Assessment & Fracture Mechanics2 – Fatigue
        FAFMco22Explain why there is a tendency for fatigue crack growth to be under LEFM conditions, the relevance of stress intensity factor; and the Paris law to describe growth rates.Flaw Assessment & Fracture Mechanics2 – Fatigue
        FAFMco29Describe the main test configurations used for obtaining plane strain fracture toughness data.Flaw Assessment & Fracture Mechanics3 – Fracture
        FATkn1List the conditions necessary for fatigue failure.Fatigue2 – Fatigue
        FATkn7Sketch a fatigue diagram, showing the Modified Goodman, Gerber, Soderberg and Langer/Yield lines.Fatigue2 – Fatigue
        FATco1Discuss the initiation, propagation and fast fracture stages of Fatigue in metallic materials.Fatigue2 – Fatigue
        FATco5Discuss the salient features of an S-N diagram for steels and explain the terms endurance limit, infinite life and low cycle fatigue.Fatigue2 – Fatigue
        FATco6Discuss the typical appearance of a fatigue failure surface in a metallic component and explain how the source of the fatigue failure is commonly identified.Fatigue2 – Fatigue
        FATco10Contrast the Stress-Life and Strain Life / Manson-Coffin approaches to fatigue assessment.Fatigue2 – Fatigue
        FATco14Discuss the term Fatigue Strength Reduction Factor in relation to stress concentrations and explain how this has traditionally been handled in relevant design standards and codes of practice.Fatigue2 – Fatigue
        FATco36Discuss any particular characteristic fatigue properties and behaviour for any materials being considered in analyses and assessment.Fatigue2 – Fatigue
        FATap1Employ a fatigue diagram, consisting of Modified Goodman and Langer lines, to assess fatigue performance of components.Fatigue2 – Fatigue
        FATsy4Specify whether a Fracture Mechanics approach is more appropriate.Fatigue3 – Fracture
        MASco8Explain, in metallurgical terms, how fatigue cracks form and grow in metallic materials.Materials for Analysis & Simulation2 – Fatigue
        MASco11Discuss the terms elastic-perfectly plastic, kinematic hardening, isotropic hardening, Bauschinger effect, hysteresis loop.Materials for Analysis & Simulation1 – Plasticity
        MESMkn16Sketch the contact normal stress distribution for a circular pin in lug with a circular hole.Mechanics, Elasticity & Strength of Materials4 – Contact
        NGECkn3List common categories of geometric non-linearity and contact.Nonlinear Geometric Effects & Contact4 – Contact
        PLASkn7Sketch a stress-strain curve for an elastic-perfectly plastic and bi-linear hardening material showing elastic and plastic modulii.Plasticity1 – Plasticity
        PLASsy5Plan an analysis methodology for plastic deformation under cyclic loading.Plasticity1 – Plasticity

         

         

         

        Details

        Event Type eLearning
        Member Price £308.47 | $414.00 | €360.48
        Non-member Price £456.00 | $612.00 | €532.87
        Tutor: Gino Duffett
        Tutor: Adib Becker

        Dates

        Start Date End Date Location


        Session Times







        Online
        NAFEMS Accredited training course

        Course Objectives

        To provide delegates with a firm understanding of the mechanisms that govern the strength and failure of materials and structures (plasticity, fatigue, fracture, contact and buckling), and how these are assessed in engineering analysis and simulation.

        Course Process and Details

        This is a 5-session online training course, with each session lasting approximately 2 hours, depending on homework submissions, questions & discussions. You can attend the sessions live, and/or stream on demand.

        A full set of notes in PDF format will be available for download. Personal passwords are provided to allow you to access e-learning backup material via our discussion forum. Reading lists, homework submissions and supplementary information are all available via the discussion forum.

        To get the most out of the course, participation in forum discussions is very much encouraged. Typically the forum remains open for 4 weeks after the last live session.

        For additional info on telephony charges please email e-learning@nafems.org.

        PDH Credits: 10